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GRE阅读长难句的典型结构

2009-06-30 13:21:59

1、长成分

　　1）长从句做主语、宾语及其他成分
　　　 a、主语从句
　　　 b、宾语从句
　　2）长状语
　　3）层层修饰
　　4）并列成分

2、常见倒装搭配

（1）及物动词加介词：固定词组的固定搭配中，经常出现倒装情况，如：bring A to B，写作：bring to B A

例：Yet Waltzer's argument , however deficient , does point to one of the serious weaknesses of capitalism-namely , that it brings to predominant positions in a society people who ,no matter how legitimately they have earned their material rewards , often lack those other qualities that evoke affection or admiration.

类似的情况：throw over , insert into , import into , infer from, establish for , advocate as 等

（2）及物动词加副词

例：make possible …（单词或者句子）

3、省略的几种情况

　　（1）重复的成分
　　（2）让步转折的省略：如although （but）
　　（3）定语从句引导词的省略which（that ）
　　（4）定语从句的引导词和系动词同时省略，变成后置定语

如：qualities（such as “the capacity for hard work”） essential in producing wealth

4、短语被分割

如：such as, so that , too to , more than , from A to B , between A and B

5、多重否定

如：Despite these vague categories , one should not claim unequivocally that hostility between recognizable classes cannot be legitimately observed .

6、难句分析举例

Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class , an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.

[句子主干]Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased …shareholders as a class, （which was） an element…

[语法难点]本句是典型的非限定性定语从句，难点在其主语和宾语都有较长的短语和of结构限定，并且分句是由两个and相连的3个部分组成的。分句an element…landowners 又带有两个定语从句，一个是（which was）representing… ，另一个是（which was）detached…。

可见，定语从句的难点在于经常省略“引导词+be”的结构，从而在理解上容易和分词结构相混淆。